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Joined: Dec 2000
Posts: 866 Likes: 2
Pan-dimensional being
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Pan-dimensional being
Joined: Dec 2000
Posts: 866 Likes: 2 |
@Mudge, Maybe we have here just some confusion ... at least from my part, because you mentioned taking the average of samples. However, you actually say 'weighted average'. In a sense every filter in the time domain is a weighted average of a number of samples. I only never looked at it that way. The question is, where do those weights come from? As I said above, there is a way of transforming a calculation from the frequency domain to the time domain and that will deliver those weights.
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Joined: Aug 2003
Posts: 945
Pan-dimensional being
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Pan-dimensional being
Joined: Aug 2003
Posts: 945 |
I think we both agree that the mean average of sample n and sample n-1 method is computationally cheap. (n added to n-1 then divided by two) No need for FFT and IFT. Lot's of early sample rate conversion chips worked this way IIRC. You can improve on the results by using more samples, taking averages and weighting those averages to produce an intermediate value. This is all less demanding than using a FFT and IFT.
Mark G68, baby Genelecs, Humax Foxsat, Oppo+Vanity93, Toshiba HD-A35, Pioneer CLD-925 + Meridian 519, various other random bits and bobs Got a black G08.2 you want to sell?
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Joined: Aug 2004
Posts: 7,950 Likes: 19
President of the Imperial Galactic Government
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President of the Imperial Galactic Government
Joined: Aug 2004
Posts: 7,950 Likes: 19 |
Mudge The upsampler has no idea what it's upsampling which is part of the reason for the low pass filter. Upsampling is basically educated mathematical guess work where a few conditions are known. Nyquist theorem suggests that the highest frequencies present in the original signal are half the sample rate. When you calculate an intermediate sample you will almost inevitably introduce high frequency spuriae into the data. Therefore you can be pretty sure that everything in your new 88.2/96KHz data stream above 22KHz is noise, so you filter it out with a low pass filter. The catch-22 is that with a limited amount of DSP power (the operations occur in real time) you can either use an algorithm that produces less noise and a less severe noise filter or a noisier algorithm and a severe noise filter. Or you can hope and pray that the losses from your tradeoff between the two are compensated by the gains from running your Delta-Sigma DAC at a higher rate. Apologies if I've over-simplified upsampling, I'm aware that the reality is even worse than I've made out. I understand basically how upsampling works which is why I asked why you said: The G68 rolls off the mid-highs and emphasize the bass. This is to be expected, since most upsamplers don't have a flat frequency response. By "rolls off the mid-highs", "emphasize the bass" and "don't have a flat frequency response" do you mean that it filters out frequencies above 22.05kHz? If not what do you mean by those phrases? Filtering out content above 22.05kHz occurs whether you upsample or not. I am also curious how you were able to determine that the upsampling algorithm in the G68 falls in the group of "most upsamplers" which don't have a flat frequency response. Which upsamplers fall within the group that do have a flat frequency response? I'm with Frank on this one... Are you saying that M are unlikely to be using FFT? I would be surprised as I thought that FFT operations were built native into many DSP processors so M would probably make use of them if FFT allowed M to make a better sounding upsampler. Without access to their code, you can only infer certain things from the behaviour. It would appear that Meridian are using a low pass filter. Why this is used we cannot know. In the case of the apodizing filter the use of a minimum phase low pass causes a dramatic drop in pre-echo. Sorry to be pedantic, but earlier you were making quite a bold claim "The G68 rolls off the mid-highs and emphasize the bass." but did not explain it other than to later claim that Meridian were one of "most upsamplers" and upsampling in an inferior way to what would be optimal ie not using fft. Yet you are now saying that you don't know for sure what they are doing, except that they need to use a low pass filter so must be doing it wrong. How do you know this is all related to upsampling? For anyone who has owned M kit, it is pretty clear that M are applying a 'special sauce' to the signal with or without upsampling. Its clearly not a case of 'bits out = bits in' with many of the signal paths as we know that dither is playing its part with many input signals, as was so clearly demonstrated at HH2. I can equally guess as much as you that M need to filter for other reasons too yet do not use this to make the claim that "The G68 rolls off the mid-highs and emphasize the bass". I know that a number of us want to know what evidence you have of the G68 doing this in a way that is psychoacoustically (sp?) detrimental to the sound. Your 'theory' to me seems to me that: M are using DSP's therefore can't be doing it right so have bundled it in the "most upsamplers" category due to the lack of power that you have witnessed from your programming of DSP chips.
Meridian owner since 1992 Prime & PSU, Focal Elear headphones, Roon (ROCK 8Gi5 NUC), Explorer 1 & 2, F80. 200/203, various Sonos (via Roon).
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Joined: Dec 2000
Posts: 866 Likes: 2
Pan-dimensional being
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Pan-dimensional being
Joined: Dec 2000
Posts: 866 Likes: 2 |
I think we both agree that the mean average of sample n and sample n-1 method is computationally cheap. (n added to n-1 then divided by two) No need for FFT and IFT. Lot's of early sample rate conversion chips worked this way IIRC. You can improve on the results by using more samples, taking averages and weighting those averages to produce an intermediate value. This is all less demanding than using a FFT and IFT. Hmmm ... obviously I did understand you correctly the first time. Taking the mean average of only 2 samples is a horrible way of upsampling and should be avoided at all costs ... as I said earlier, only the really bad ones use that kind of method.
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Joined: Apr 2004
Posts: 12,733 Likes: 88
Don't Panic!
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Don't Panic!
Joined: Apr 2004
Posts: 12,733 Likes: 88 |
I doubt there are many better upsamplers in digital audio than Meridian's. I have no proof, only years of familiarity with Meridian and its abilities. I recall the comment from Meridian about apodizing that they tried many different filters and the one everyone preferred used the most DSP power. I don't think anything can be read into this other than the complex "shape" of the preferred filter required the most DSP MIPS. I'm sure that all of the filters that Meridian staff auditioned used a lot of MIPS.
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Joined: Aug 2003
Posts: 945
Pan-dimensional being
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Pan-dimensional being
Joined: Aug 2003
Posts: 945 |
I never made a claim about Meridians upsampling, I explained the result of one user's experience comparing SRC (which anyone can look at the source code for as it's GPL'd or simply study comparisons of it's performance with other upsamplers) with his G68! Amazing as it may seem, I like the performance of the G68. It is however very DSP limited compared to an offline PC based upsampler. Compared to recent DSP designs it is quite a way off the pace too. The difference is in how good Meridian's DSP code is.
Mark G68, baby Genelecs, Humax Foxsat, Oppo+Vanity93, Toshiba HD-A35, Pioneer CLD-925 + Meridian 519, various other random bits and bobs Got a black G08.2 you want to sell?
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Joined: May 2000
Posts: 2,534
Great Green Arkleseizure
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Great Green Arkleseizure
Joined: May 2000
Posts: 2,534 |
I never made a claim about Meridians upsampling The G68 rolls off the mid-highs and emphasize the bass. This is to be expected, since most upsamplers don't have a flat frequency response. Compared to recent DSP designs it is quite a way off the pace too. Huh?
561, DSP5500s, DSP5000C, analog sides and rears
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Joined: Aug 2003
Posts: 945
Pan-dimensional being
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Pan-dimensional being
Joined: Aug 2003
Posts: 945 |
I found the SRC (secret rabbit code) upsampling plugin/code inferior to Meridian G68 upsampling. SRC incorrectly emphasize mid-highs and loses out on bass. That was the quote I was responding to. Does that make more sense? Also, why the negative attitude? EDIT: 750 MIPS is not a lot of DSP to play with, compared to the latest DSPs from Analog Devices for instance. Hardly surprising since the G68 is a fair few years old and designed not to leach sales from the 861 either.
Last edited by Mudge; 2009-08-10 19:56.
Mark G68, baby Genelecs, Humax Foxsat, Oppo+Vanity93, Toshiba HD-A35, Pioneer CLD-925 + Meridian 519, various other random bits and bobs Got a black G08.2 you want to sell?
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